Christopher Hitchens famously compared some forms of religious life to “celestial North Koreas,” where one is compelled to praise one’s secular or divine god unceasingly. As Rick Plasterer, an evangelical, puts it:

God is always the final authority in our lives (Acts 5:29, certainly for Christians, and really should be for everyone). We are commanded to pray without ceasing (i.e., frequently, I Thess. 5:16-18) and certainly before meals (I Tim. 4:4-5).

Now, if you’re France, or Quebec, and you regard yourself as a secular country, or province, you do not want to live an unceasingly religious civic life; you positively wish to assert as a fundamental value, as a definitional identity, freedom from clerical existence. Religious life belongs in religious institutions – churches, mosques, synagogues, parochial schools – and of course in the domestic sphere. The shared public realm visibly, in an everyday way, ought to proclaim that God (whichever God yours happens to be – final-authority Gods abound, and you can ask Lebanon what it looks like when everyone designates a different one) is a private matter, and belongs mostly out of sight.

If it is true that for many religious one is commanded to pray unceasingly, or frequently, and if, on top of this, one takes a, well, evangelizing approach to faith (“really should be for everyone”), a country’s going to have a hell of a time establishing a public life based on shared (the vast majority of French and Quebecois, when asked, confirm that they are strongly secular/anticlerical) secular values, as in the equality of the sexes, sexual freedom, free thought, individualism, and a broad contempt for the array of surviving primitive and destructive religious practices that bedevil advanced and less advanced nations. How to establish and safeguard a truly secular realm?

Legally and constitutionally. Quebec already has some forms of restraint on people who want to gather in the streets and pray, and on people who want to wear burqas; but it wants more of this, and proposes tougher legislation. Since by definition most religious people do not understand why anyone wouldn’t like their ways (they bear after all salvational truth to us), there’s a kind of impasse here. But, like France, Quebec will proceed to assert and defend its foundational values.